WWIAlliances

= =  The system of treaties and alliances existing during the onset of World War One meant that if any country engaged in conflict with another power, the involvement of all European powers would ensue. The alliance systems created tension among the predominant powers in Europe and increased Germany's paranoia about encirclement. The web of alliances led to the establishment of the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany created the Alliance, while France, and Britain formed the Triple Entente. [|6]   Courtesy of [|Google images]

__Triple Entente__  An alliance formed in 1894, France and Russia engaged in an alliance in order to strengthen defenses against Germany, and establish military agreements that guaranteed adequate aid for both powers involved in the event of an attack. The alliance contained provisions ensuring that if Germany attacked France or Italy attacked France with the support of Germany, Russia would mobilize all available support for France against Germany. If Russia was attacked by Germany or by Austria with the support of Germany, France would mobilize all available support for Russia against Germany. Also, if announcement of mobilization occurred among the Triple Alliance, France and Russia would immediately reciprocate with the mobilization of their armies. The Franco-Russian Alliance specified the exact number of men France and Russia were required to provide against Germany, and agreements were made addressing methods of communication of negotiation with the Triple Alliance.[|1]
 * Franco-Russian**

 France-Russian Alliance Provisions **Anglo-Russian** The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 addressed issues pertaining to the control of Persia and Afghanistan. Resolving a history of unstable relations between Britain and Russian, the Anglo-Russian Entente completed the Triple Entente that served as opposition to the Central Powers during World War One. Signed by Alexander Izvolsky, the Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire, and Sir Arthur Nicolson, the British Ambassador to Russia, the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 secured an agreement pertaining to the extent of influence over Persia. Britain and Russia agreed to split Persia into north, southwest, and neutral zones. This treaty settled a history of conflicts over Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet between Russia and Britain, thus completing the Triple Entente. [|2]

**Entente Cordiale** In 1904, signed by the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Lansdowne, and the French Ambassador, Paul Cambon, the Entente Cordiale was a series of three documents dealing with territorial conflicts between two colonial empires. The first document dealt with Egypt and Morocco. The second addressed Newfoundland and areas of West and Central Africa. Lastly, the third document involved Siam, Madagascar, and the New Hebrides. The Entente Cordiale established peaceful relations between Britain and France that enabled the building of the Triple Entente's. <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">[|3]

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 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The first, and arguably most significant document of the Entente Cordiale allowed France to maintain power in Morocco, so long as France did not interfere with British affairs in Egypt. In addition, free passage across the Suez Canal was enacted.
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The agreements addressing Newfoundland and parts of West and Central Africa involved France's relinquishment of control over Newfoundland's western coast. In turn, Britain handed over two towns, Yarbutenda and Iles de Los, to the French. Finally, a provision was agreed upon involving possessions east of the River Niger.

<span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Courtesy of [|Google images]
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The third document involved Siam, Madagascar, and the New Hebrides. Britain recognized France's "sphere of influence" over the territory east of the River Menam's basin in Siam, and France reciprocated by recognizing British control over the territory west of the Menam basin. Britain implemented a tariff in Madagascar, and both powers agreed to prevent further conflict involving control over the New Hebrides.

[|Entente Cordiale Articles]

<span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Courtesy of <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> __Triple Alliance__ <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">**Dual Alliance** <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Alliance created in 1879 between Germany and Austria-Hungary was created for the aims of preventing future wars and conflicts involving the German Empire, a part of Bismark's system of alliances. This alliance secured aid for Germany and Austria-Hungary in the event of any threats posed by Russia, and established neutrality to the other in the event that either power was attacked by any European Power. The alliance constructed between Germany and Austria-Hungary contained five articles, determining a five year set of agreements starting on the day of ratification.[|4]

<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Dual Alliance Articles

<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">**Italy-Austria-Hungary/Italo-Germany** <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Established in 1882, the military alliance formed between Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary promised support for all three powers in response to an attack posed by any other great European power. Originated from the Dual Alliance of 1879, the expansion to include Italy resulted the the formation of the Triple Alliance. This treaty provided that Germany and Austria-Hungary would assist Italy if attacked by France, and Italy would assist Germany and Austria-Hungary if France attacked.[|5]

Triple Alliance Articles

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<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">__Main Conflicts Across Alliances__ > ]] > > In summary, the complex system of alliances built between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Britain, Russia, and France played a monumental role in the start of World War One. The system of secret treaties led to unnecessary action and mobilization of the main European powers. The alliance systems were not the primary cause of World War One, but they acted as a spark, igniting a chain reaction throughout Europe.
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany vs. France- Territorial disputes over the region [[@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine|Alsace-Lorraine
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Russia vs. Austria- Conflicts over control and influence within the Balkan region
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Britain vs. Germany- Germany's ideology of Weltpolitik promoted by Alfred Von Tirpitz, supported by the Kaiser. Germany's goal toward being acknowledged as a great world power started by building a Navy that would match that of Britain's. Simultaneously a drive towards rapid the development of a solid economic power and industrial might began.
 * <span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mandatory Mobilization- Required mobilization meant that the involvement of any power engaged in conflict with another power across alliances, the involvement of all European powers would begin.

<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">__References__ <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "Avalon Project - The Dual Alliance Between Austria-Hungary and Germany - October 7, 1879." //Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy//. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <>.4 <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "Causes of WWI - Background." //GCSE Modern World History//. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <>. <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "First World War.com - Primary Documents - Triple Alliance, 20 May 1882." //First World War.com - A Multimedia History of World War One//. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <@http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/triplealliance.htm>. <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "The Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)." //Courses Pages//. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob33.html>.1

 <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> //Main Page - World War I Document Archive//. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <[|?]>.2 3 <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> Tonge, Stephen. "Causes of the First World War." //Home Page//. 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.historyhome.co.uk/europe/causeww1.htm# Zu>.

"Triple Alliance, 1882." // ** inson College//. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. <[|?].html>.5 <span style="display: block; font-family: trebuchet ms,verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> "World War I - Alliance System." // **TheCorner**[|?] //. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <@http://www.thecorner.org/hist/wwi/alliance.htm>.